Effect of clopidogrel on platelet CD markers in normal individuals and in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of clopidogrel response in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared with normal individuals. One hundred and seven subjects i.e. 32 normal and 75 patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study. In the first step, normal subjects as well as diabetic patients were selected and tested for various laboratory parameters and platelets flow cytometry. In the second step, an antiplatelet drug (clopidogrel) was administered for 10 days to each individual enrolled in the study. After 10 days blood samples were collected for platelets flow cytometry. CD41 and CD61 did not show any change after the administration of clopidogrel in resting and activated platelets. CD63 and CD62p positivity was increased in normal and in diabetic patients\u27 platelets after activation with ADP before clopidogrel. It was decreased in normal resting and ADP stimulated platelets after clopidogrel treatment. CD63 and CD62p positivity in resting and ADP stimulated patients\u27 platelets was also decreased after clopidogrel treatment. The change was, however, not as marked as in normal subjects

Joint Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Particle Swarm Optimization for UWB Systems

Ultra wideband (UWB) systems are the most appropriate for high data rate wireless transmission with low power consumption. However, the antenna design for UWB has been a challenging task. Moreover, it is always desirable to have more freedom by designing different shape antennas with identical characteristics so that they can be used in either transmitter or receiver depending on other physical constraints such as area. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we have investigated a joint optimization of three different shape-printed monopole antennas, namely, printed square monopole antenna, printed circular monopole antenna and printed hexagonal monopole antenna, for UWB applications. More specifically, we have obtained the optimized geometrical parameters of these antennas by minimizing the mean-square-error for desired lower band edge frequency, quality factor, and bandwidth. The objective of joint optimization is to have identical frequency characteristics for the aforementioned three types of PMA which will give a freedom to interchangeably use them at either side, transmitting or receiving. Moreover, we employ particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for our problem as it is well known in the literature that PSO performs well in electromagnetic and antenna applications. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed design

Strength-weakness-opportunity-threat [SWOT] Analysis for the Career Development of New generation in Pakistan

Since last decades, there has been remarkable growth in the number of national and international organizations in the Pakistan, besides this public sector organizations are expanded in a well distinguished way, on other side, new talent has been facing several threats regarding career in different context. Academies are producing thousands of graduates and post-graduates in different disciplines but this supply is not well equipped in opportunities available in the market, hence, demand of new talent has been going to be scarce and most competitive. Lack of revised service rules in national and international organizations & job insecurity has inhabited the entrance of new youngsters in the organizations. Demand of rich experience and strong leadership has adversely affected fresh graduates. Old age people with rich & multidisciplinary experience have occupied lion’s share in the organizations and leaving no space for new comer. Pakistan being a natural resources rich country, she has been facing scarcity of employment opportunities for young people. Nepotism & corruption have been found prevailing in employment process & that is spoiling the merit system. Hence, country has been experiencing the grave tragedy of brain drain. Keywords: Impact, Unemployment, joblessness, threats, opportunities

Significance of Public Priorities from Telecommunication to Cellular Communication in Pakistan

Telecommunication is permanent source of communication all around the world as it has multidimensional social significances to use. In comparison with rest of world, Pakistan has been pursuing the global trends to avail the latest technology to upgrade the efficiency of individuals and institutions. Thus, cellular communication has taken place very rapidly in Pakistan and has left behind the telecommunication. Purpose of this study is to explore the reasons of shifting of public priorities from telecommunication to cellular communication so rapid in rural and urban areas of Pakistan. Keywords: Cellular Communication, ICT, Information, Entertainment

Multi-Sensor Fusion for Underwater Vehicle Localization by Augmentation of RBF Neural Network and Error-State Kalman Filter

The Kalman filter variants extended Kalman filter (EKF) and error-state Kalman filter (ESKF) are widely used in underwater multi-sensor fusion applications for localization and navigation. Since these filters are designed by employing first-order Taylor series approximation in the error covariance matrix, they result in a decrease in estimation accuracy under high nonlinearity. In order to address this problem, we proposed a novel multi-sensor fusion algorithm for underwater vehicle localization that improves state estimation by augmentation of the radial basis function (RBF) neural network with ESKF. In the proposed algorithm, the RBF neural network is utilized to compensate the lack of ESKF performance by improving the innovation error term. The weights and centers of the RBF neural network are designed by minimizing the estimation mean square error (MSE) using the steepest descent optimization approach. To test the performance, the proposed RBF-augmented ESKF multi-sensor fusion was compared with the conventional ESKF under three different realistic scenarios using Monte Carlo simulations. We found that our proposed method provides better navigation and localization results despite high nonlinearity, modeling uncertainty, and external disturbances.This research was partially funded by the Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag